RBBP4 dysfunction reshapes the genomic landscape of H3K27 methylation and acetylation and disrupts gene expression

RBBP4 is a subunit of the chromatin remodeling complexes known as Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) and HDAC1/2-containing complexes. These complexes are responsible for histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27) methylation and deacetylation, respectively. How RBBP4 modulates the functions of these complexes remains largely unknown. We generated viable Rbbp4 mutant alleles in mouse embryonic stem cell lines by CRISPR-Cas9. The mutations disrupted PRC2 assembly and H3K27me3 establishment on target chromatin and altered H3K27 acetylation genome wide. Moreover, Rbbp4 mutant cells underwent dramatic changes in transcriptional profiles closely tied to the deregulation of H3K27ac. The alteration of H3K27ac due to RBBP4 dysfunction occurred on numerous cis-regulatory elements, especially putative enhancers. These data suggest that RBBP4 plays a central role in regulating H3K27 methylation and acetylation to modulate gene expression.