Epidemiological profile of diseases caused by aedes aegypti in sanitary districts of São Luis, Brazil

In recent decades, the diseases caused by the Aedes aegypti have been responsible for a high number of mortality cases worldwide, making it a serious public health problem. This article describes the diseases prevalence caused by Aedes Aegypti: Dengue, Zika and Chikungunya, in the Sanitary Districts of city of São Luis - in the state of Maranhão in Brazil, from 2007 to 2017. This study is based on data analysis recorded by the Information System on Diseases of Compulsory Declaration (SINAN). From 2007 to 2017, 25,124 dengue cases were reported in the city of São Luís, there was an increase in prevalence in 2011 with 5,378 cases, about 53% of recorded cases in the State of Maranhão, probably due to the presence of new circulating serotypes: DENV-1; DENV-2 AND DENV-4, with 14 deaths. Female gender predominated among registered cases, and the age group with the highest number of reported cases was 20 to 39 years. In 2015 started the first reports of the Zika virus and chikungunya, both with epidemiological peak in 2016. São Luis has 229 urban neighborhoods and 165 rural neighborhoods distributed in seven health districts. The Bequimão Sanitary District in the urban area of city of São Luis consists of 64 neighborhoods, has recorded a higher number of dengue cases, 6,239 cases. From 2015 to 2017, it reported 864 cases of Zika virus and 407 cases of chikungunya. It is concluded that the prevalence of diseases, caused by Aedes aegypti, shows endemic variation, in the three arboviruses, related to population density and local sanitary conditions, characteristics which are present in the Sanitary District of Bequimão where it's registered a lack of sanitary infrastructure and intermittent water supply, the study notes the need to adopt control strategies of sanitary officers, and agencies and awareness of the population. Key messages The research produced knowledge about the impact of urbanization on the epidemiology of dengue, zika and chikungunya, enabling knowledge of the sanitation conditions of the studied city. The knowledge produced by the research substantiates strategies and actions to combat the vector by the health authorities and conscious action of the population.