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Background Given limited knowledge on the extent of social inequalities in longer-term work ability of people with a chronic disease, this study analyzes social inequalities of three consecutive indicators of work ability following medical rehabilitation in a large sample of insured employees. Methods Based on data from the German statutory pension insurance, a representative 20% random sample of all employed persons undergoing medical rehabilitation between 2006 and 2008 was included in a longitudinal analysis (n=219 584 persons). Three measures of consecutive work-related outcomes (physicians’ assessment of work ability at discharge; return to work in the year thereafter; disability pension during follow-up) and socioeconomic position (SEP) (education, occupational position and income) were assessed. Adjusted relative risks (RRs) for each outcome were calculated according to SEP, applying Poisson regression analysis. Results The measures of SEP were associated with all three outcomes of work ability in the fully adjusted models. Relatively strongest relationships were observed for education as SEP measure, and they were particularly pronounced for ‘low work ability’ (RR=2.38 for lower secondary education compared to tertiary education; 95% CI: 2.26–2.51). Based on average marginal effects, absolute differences of work ability by SEP indicate a socially graded pattern, with only few exceptions. Conclusions Despite Germany’s universal access to medical and vocational rehabilitation social inequalities in longer-term work ability following chronic disease persist, thus calling for targeted programmes of prevention and occupational health promotion.

Social inequalities in medical rehabilitation outcomes—a registry-based study on 219 584 insured persons in Germany