Resources for cardiovascular healthcare associated with 30-day mortality in acute myocardial infarction with cardiogenic shock

Aims Although primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and mechanical circulatory support (MCS), such as extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) or intra-aortic balloon pumping (IABP), have been widely used for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients with cardiogenic shock (AMICS), their in-hospital mortality remains high. This study aimed to investigate the association of cardiovascular healthcare resources with 30-day mortality in AMICS. Methods and results This was an observational study using a Japanese nationwide administrative data (JROAD-DPC) of 260 543 AMI patients between April 2012 and March 2018. Of these, 45 836 AMICS patients were divided into three categories based on MCS use: with MCS (ECMO with/without IABP), IABP only, or without MCS. Certified hospital density and number of board-certified cardiologists were used as a metric of cardiovascular healthcare resources. We estimated the association of MCS use, cardiovascular healthcare resources, and 30-day mortality. The 30-day mortality was 71.2% for the MCS, 23.9% for IABP only, and 37.8% for the group without MCS. The propensity score-matched and inverse probability-weighted Cox frailty models showed that primary PCI was associated with a low risk for mortality. Higher hospital density and larger number of cardiologists in the responsible hospitals were associated with a lower risk for mortality. Conclusion Although the 30-day mortality remained extremely high in AMICS, indication of primary PCI and improvement in providing cardiovascular healthcare resources associated with the short-term prognosis of AMICS.