No correlation between neonatal fitness and heterozygosity in a reintroduced population of Père David’s deer

Considering the severe impacts of genetic bottlenecks and small numbers of founders in populations of reintroduced animals, it is necessary to study inbreeding and its effect on fitness in species of conservation concern. Pere David's deer is one of few large mammal species extinct in the wild but safely preserved in captivity. Its specific background gives us the opportunity to study the relationships between heterozygosity and neonatal fitness in relocated populations. We employed five microsatellite loci to explore heterozygosity-fitness correlations in a population of Pere David's deer at the Beijing Milu Ecological Research Center. We observed associations between microsatellite-based variables sMLH, IR, MD 2 and HL, and two components of fitness ex- pressed early in life (birth weight and the neonatal mortality of 123 Pere David's deer calves born over six consecutive years). We found that neonatal mortality was 19.1% ± 7.6%, not higher than the 19% or 18% reported in other ungulates. The heterozygosity of calves was not associated with neonatal mortality, nor birth weight. Our study implies that low genetic variability of microsa- tellite loci has no overt effect on birth weight and neonatal mortality in reintroduced populations of Pere David's deer (Current Zoology 59 (2): 249-256, 2013).