Increased wave action promotes muscle performance but increasing temperatures cause a tenacity–endurance trade-off in intertidal snails (Nerita atramentosa)

Increased wave action may dislodge intertidal organisms, thereby reducing survival and fitness. We show that wave action can lead to improved muscle strength. However, increases in temperature can diminish the benefits by decreasing the capacity of the muscle to produce the force needed to withstand acute wave action, thereby rendering intertidal snails vulnerable to climate change when increased wave action is combined with warming.