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We conducted serial studies on peripheral blood lymphocytes from four patients with acute Coxiella burnetii infection. These studies revealed that the proportion of gammadelta T cells in these patients significantly increased after the onset of disease (mean, 16%; range, 13%-30%) as compared with that in five healthy controls (mean, 4%; range, 0.5%-7%; P &lt; .0055) and that in five controls with pneumonia (mean, 2%; range, 1%-3%; P &lt; .0014). Most of the gammadelta T cells from these patients expressed the Vgamma9 Vdelta2 gene product. During the acute phase of disease, most gammadelta T cells expressed the activation marker human leukocyte antigen DR but not CD25. During this phase, gammadelta T cell activation was higher than alphabeta T cell activation. Our findings indicate that gammadelta T cells are predominantly involved in the acute immune response to C. burnetii.

clinical infectious diseases/clinical infectious diseases (online. university of chicago. press)

The Number and Proportion of V 9V 2 T Cells Rise Significantly in the Peripheral Blood of Patients After the Onset of Acute Coxiella burnetii Infection