Open AccessWorld Health Organization Generic Protocol to Assess Drug-Resistant HIV Among Children <18 Months of Age and Newly Diagnosed With HIV in Resource-Limited Countries
Author(s) -
Silvia Bertagnolio,
Martina Penazzato,
Michael R. Jordan,
Deborah Persaud,
Lynne Mofenson,
Diane Bennett
Publication year - 2012
Publication title -
clinical infectious diseases/clinical infectious diseases (online. university of chicago. press)
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.44
H-Index - 336
eISSN - 1537-6591
pISSN - 1058-4838
DOI - 10.1093/cid/cis003
Subject(s) - medicine , breastfeeding , dried blood spot , transmission (telecommunications) , pediatrics , hiv drug resistance , drug resistance , human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) , protocol (science) , developing country , reverse transcriptase inhibitor , antiretroviral therapy , family medicine , viral load , alternative medicine , pathology , genetics , microbiology and biotechnology , electrical engineering , biology , engineering , economic growth , economics
Increased use of nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) in pregnant and breastfeeding women will result in fewer children infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). However, among children infected despite prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT), a substantial proportion will acquire NNRTI-resistant HIV, potentially compromising response to NNRTI-based antiretroviral therapy (ART). In countries scaling up PMTCT and pediatric ART programs, it is crucial to assess the proportion of young children with drug-resistant HIV to improve health outcomes and support national and global decision making on optimal selection of pediatric first-line ART. This article summarizes a new World Health Organization surveillance protocol to assess resistance using remnant dried blood spot specimens from a representative sample of children aged <18 months being tested for early infant diagnosis.