Investigating 2009 Pandemic Influenza A (H1N1) in US Schools: What Have We Learned? | Zendy

A. Danielle Iuliano | Zendy; Fatimah S. Dawood | Zendy; Benjamin J. Silk | Zendy; Achuyt Bhattarai | Zendy; Daphne Copeland | Zendy; Saumil Doshi | Zendy; Anne Marie France | Zendy; Michael L. Jackson | Zendy; Erin D. Kennedy | Zendy; Fleetwood Loustalot | Zendy; Tiffany Marchbanks | Zendy; Tarissa Mitchell | Zendy; Francisco Averhoff | Zendy; Sonja J. Olsen | Zendy; David L. Swerdlow | Zendy; Lyn Finelli | Zendy

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Investigating 2009 Pandemic Influenza A (H1N1) in US Schools: What Have We Learned?

Author(s) -

A. Danielle Iuliano,

Fatimah S. Dawood,

Benjamin J. Silk,

Achuyt Bhattarai,

Daphne Copeland,

Saumil Doshi,

Anne Marie France,

Michael L. Jackson,

Erin D. Kennedy,

Fleetwood Loustalot,

Tiffany Marchbanks,

Tarissa Mitchell,

Francisco Averhoff,

Sonja J. Olsen,

David L. Swerdlow,

Lyn Finelli

Publication year - 2010

Publication title -

clinical infectious diseases

Language(s) - English

Resource type - Journals

SCImago Journal Rank - 3.44

H-Index - 336

eISSN - 1537-6591

pISSN - 1058-4838

DOI - 10.1093/cid/ciq032

Subject(s) - medicine , pandemic , hygiene , psychological intervention , transmission (telecommunications) , isolation (microbiology) , outbreak , epidemiology , attack rate , environmental health , family medicine , covid-19 , disease , nursing , infectious disease (medical specialty) , virology , microbiology and biotechnology , pathology , electrical engineering , biology , engineering

US investigations of school-based outbreaks of 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus infection characterized influenza-like illness (ILI) attack rates, transmission risk factors, and adherence to nonpharmaceutical interventions. We summarize seven school-based investigations conducted during April-June 2009 to determine what questions might be answered by future investigations. Surveys were administered 5-28 days after identification of the outbreaks, and participation rates varied among households (39-86%) and individuals (24-49%). Compared with adults (4%-10%) and children aged <4 years (2%-7%), elementary through university students had higher ILI attack rates (4%-32%). Large gatherings or close contact with sick persons were identified as transmission risk factors. More participants reported adherence to hygiene measures, but fewer reported adherence to isolation measures. Challenges included low participation and delays in survey initiation that potentially introduced bias. Although school-based investigations can increase our understanding of epidemiology and prevention strategy effectiveness, investigators should decide which objectives are most feasible, given timing and design constraints.

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