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A sensitive method based on high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry was developed for the determination of timosaponin AIII (TA3) and its in vivo and in vitro metabolites. The rat plasma, urine, feces and tissue samples were collected after oral administration of TA3 at a single dose of 300 mg/kg. TA3 was incubated into artificial gastric juice and artificial intestinal juice. The in vivo and in vitro samples were purified by using liquid-liquid extraction. The structures of metabolites were elucidated by comparing their molecular weights, retention times and tandem mass spectrometric spectra with those of the parent drug. As a result, four metabolites (deglycosylated TA3, two hydroxylated TA3 and timosaponin BII) and the parent drug were found in in vivo and in vitro samples. In addition to the parent drug, one, one and two metabolites were identified in heart, urine and feces, respectively. Only the parent drug was detected in plasma, liver and kidney. One hydroxylation metabolite and TA3 were identified from incubation samples with AGJ, whereas two hydroxylation metabolites and TA3 were detected from the incubation with AIJ. This is the first systematic metabolism study of TA3. The biotransformation pathways of TA3 primarily included deglycosylation, hydroxylation and glycosylation.

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography–Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry for Metabolism Study of Timosaponin AIII