Total Usual Nutrient Intakes and Nutritional Status of United Arab Emirates Children (<4 Years): Findings from the Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study (FITS) 2021

Background The transition from a predominant milk-based diet to a diverse family diet is a window of opportunity for optimal child growth and development. Objectives The study aims to examine the nutritional status and food consumption patterns of children under 4 years of age in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and their adherence to nutrient and dietary recommendations. Methods A population-based cross-sectional survey of 525 children aged 0–47.9m was conducted in three major Emirates: Abu Dhabi, Dubai, and Sharjah. Anthropometric measurements were obtained, and dietary assessment was conducted using the 24-h dietary recall approach. Usual intakes of energy, macronutrient, and micronutrients, including from supplements, were assessed using the PC-SIDE software. Adherence to food groups’ recommendations was evaluated based on the American Heart Association/American Academy of Pediatrics dietary guidelines. Results Among 0–4 years old children, 10% were stunted, 6% wasted, 17% at risk of overweight, 5% overweight, and 3% obese. The contribution of sweets and sugar sweetened beverages to energy intake increased from 5% in 6–11.9m children to 17% in 36–47.9 m children. Compared to dietary guidelines, the lowest adherence was for fruit (13–18%) and vegetables (7–12%). While protein was within the recommendations, 92% and 89% of children (aged 24 to 35.9m and 36 to 47.9m,  respectively) had high intakes of saturated fat. Almost all toddlers failed to meet the adequate intake (AI) for fiber. The proportions of children exceeding the free sugar upper limit increased from 10.6% in infants (0–5.9m) to 56.7% in toddlers (12– 23.9m). Micronutrient inadequacies were observed, particularly for calcium, zinc, folate, and vitamins A and D. Conclusions This study suggests a triple burden of malnutrition amongst infants and young children in the UAE. Results call for national nutrition intervention strategies aimed at improving dietary quality in the pediatric population.