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Incisional hernia is the main complication after laparotomy, the prevention of this is currently aimed at preoperative rehabilitation, modification of the closure technique and the use of prophylactic mesh. The objective of the study was to measure the effectiveness of the modification in the laparotomy closure technique to reduce the incidence of incisional hernia. MATERIAL AND METHODS. A systematic review and meta-analysis were carried out following the PRISMA guidelines. The first objective was to determine the incidence of incisional hernia at one year of follow-up, comparing the modification in the closure technique with the usual closure. The secondary objective was to determine the difference in wound dehiscence and surgical site infection between these two groups. Only clinical trials were included and the random effects method was used for their analysis. RESULTS Seven clinical trials were included, comparing 1612 patients, the incidence of incisional hernia was significantly lower in the surgical technique modification group OR 0.55 (95% CI 0.38-79). Efficacy to reduce the incidence of wound dehiscence was also analyzed without finding a difference between the two groups OR 0.58 (95% CI 0.27-1.21). There was no statistically significant difference between both groups when comparing seroma hematoma and surgical site infection. CONCLUSIONS The modification in the laparotomy closure technique reduces the incidence of incisional hernia. However, when analyzing globally, only the Small bites and Reinforced tension line techniques contributed to this result.

PREVENTION OF INCISIONAL HERNIA AFTER MIDLINE LAPAROTOMY WITH MODIFICATION OF CLOSURE TECHNIQUE: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META ANALYSIS