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Innovations in digital technologies afford new opportunities in surgical education. We describe a novel method of combining medical imaging data with virtual 3D modelling and printing techniques that could facilitate patient specific pre-operative planning and rehearsal. Method A series of silicone castings was produced to simulate upper abdominal viscera using a novel polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) injection moulding method. Digital models were generated by segmenting CT dual phase imaging in ITK-SNAP. A 3D polygon mesh was exported and optimised in the computer graphics software: Blender. Two 3D printers were used to manufacture a dissolvable mould of the digital models. Moulds were injected with coloured silicones and dissolved in water to reveal the multicolour/multi-material models. Results The silicone models retained the anatomical detail of the digitally segmented CT data sets. The multi-colour models were achieved with a single print and at very low cost (approx. £248/ model) and possessed varying shore hardness between viscera recreating lifelike fidelity. Conclusions The hybrid 3D printing/injection moulding method offers an avenue to realistic surgical and anatomical simulation. A combination of both virtual models and 3D physical models may provide an enhanced surgical experience for preoperative and intraoperative planning allowing patient specific rehearsal.

855 Patient Specific Digital Modelling And 3D Printing of Abdominal Anatomy- The Next Frontier in Surgical Simulation?