polyDFEv2.0: testing for invariance of the distribution of fitness effects within and across species

Distribution of fitness effects (DFE) of mutations can be inferred from site frequency spectrum (SFS) data. There is mounting interest to determine whether distinct genomic regions and/or species share a common DFE, or whether evidence exists for differences among them. polyDFEv2.0 fits multiple SFS datasets at once and provides likelihood ratio tests for DFE invariance across datasets. Simulations show that testing for DFE invariance across genomic regions within a species requires models accounting for distinct sources of heterogeneity (chance and genuine difference in DFE) underlying differences in SFS data in these regions. Not accounting for this will result in the spurious detection of DFE differences.