Identifying functional modules in interaction networks through overlapping Markov clustering

In recent years, Markov clustering (MCL) has emerged as an effective algorithm for clustering biological networks-for instance clustering protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks to identify functional modules. However, a limitation of MCL and its variants (e.g. regularized MCL) is that it only supports hard clustering often leading to an impedance mismatch given that there is often a significant overlap of proteins across functional modules.