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Background and Aims Leaflet shapes of tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum) have been reduced to simple geometric shapes in previous functional–structural plant models (FSPMs) in order to facilitate measurements and reduce the time required to reconstruct the plant virtually. The level of error that such simplifications introduce remains unaddressed. This study therefore aims to quantify the modelling error associated with simplifying leaflet shapes. Methods Realistic shapes were implemented in a static tomato FSPM based on leaflet scans, and simulation results were compared to simple geometric shapes used in previous tomato FSPMs in terms of light absorption and gross photosynthesis, for both a single plant and a glasshouse scenario. Key Results The effect of simplifying leaflet shapes in FSPMs leads to small but significant differences in light absorption, alterations of canopy light conditions and differences in photosynthesis. The magnitude of these differences depends on both the type of leaflet shape simplification used and the canopy shape and density. Incorporation of realistic shapes requires a small increase in initial measurement and modelling work to establish a shape database and comes at the cost of a slight increase in computation time. Conclusions Our findings indicate that the error associated with leaflet shape simplification is small, but often unpredictable, and is affected by plant structure but also lamp placement, which is often a primary optimization goal of these static models. Assessment of the cost–benefit of realistic shape inclusion shows relatively little drawbacks for a decrease in model uncertainty.

Quantifying the importance of a realistic tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) leaflet shape for 3-D light modelling