Cotton bracts are adapted to a microenvironment of concentrated CO2 produced by rapid fruit respiration

Elucidation of the mechanisms by which plants adapt to elevated CO2 is needed; however, most studies of the mechanisms investigated the response of plants adapted to current atmospheric CO2. The rapid respiration rate of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) fruits (bolls) produces a concentrated CO2 microenvironment around the bolls and bracts. It has been observed that the intercellular CO2 concentration of a whole fruit (bract and boll) ranges from 500 to 1300 µmol mol(-1) depending on the irradiance, even in ambient air. Arguably, this CO2 microenvironment has existed for at least 1·1 million years since the appearance of tetraploid cotton. Therefore, it was hypothesized that the mechanisms by which cotton bracts have adapted to elevated CO2 will indicate how plants will adapt to future increased atmospheric CO2 concentration. Specifically, it is hypothesized that with elevated CO2 the capacity to regenerate ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) will increase relative to RuBP carboxylation.