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Progeny tests employing molecular markers allow the identification of individuals originated by sexual means among the offspring of a facultative apomict. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the pollination timing on the proportion of sexually formed individuals in progenies of a facultative apomictic Paspalum notatum genotype. Progeny families of approx. 30 plants each were generated at five different pollination times: 1-3 d pre-anthesis; at anthesis; and 2, 4 and 6 d post-anthesis. Cytoembryological analyses indicated that approx. 17% of the ovules carried a meiotic cytologically reduced embryo sac in florets formed simultaneously with those used for crosses. The parental plants and the five F1 families were analysed using RAPD molecular markers. Ninety-five oligonucleotides were assayed on the progenitors in order to search for male-specific bands. Eight primers presenting clear polymorphic bands were selected for use in the progeny tests. The proportion of sexually produced progeny reached 3.4% before anthesis and 20 % at anthesis, while pollination after anthesis generated only maternal plants. A second progeny of 97 plants obtained from pollination at anthesis produced 16 off-type plants (16.5%), of which only one was a B(III) hybrid (2n + n). Our results indicate that pollination at anthesis allows the greatest potential for sexuality to be expressed in this facultative apomictic genotype. When pollination is delayed as soon as 2 d after anthesis, only the aposporous sacs develop endosperm through pseudogamy to set seed.

Effect of Pollination Timing on the Rate of Apomictic Reproduction Revealed by RAPD Markers in Paspalum notatum