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i List of tables  ii Table 1: Measurements of sarcopenia in research and practice  ii Table 2: Comparison of hand dynamometers  ii Table 3: Participant characteristics  ii Table 4: Co-morbidities and number of medications of participants  ii Table 5: Pre-admission and Post-admission destination  ii Table 6: Lung function tests  ii Table 7: Unadjusted/Adjusted Lung function for grip strength  ii List of figures iii Figure 1: Consequences of sarcopenia  iii Figure 2: A life course model of sarcopenia iii Figure 3: Adapted diagram illustrating the myofibril  iii Figure 4: Proposed mechanisms of sarcopenia  iii Figure 5: Hand grip strength using a Jamar dynamometer  iii Figure 6: Changes in lung volumes with ageing  iii Figure 7: FEV1 and FVC changes with ageing  iii Figure 8: The decline in static elastic recoil with normal ageing  iii Figure 9: Ulna length measurement  iii Figure 10: Barthel index score of activities of daily living  iii Figure 11: Jamar dynamometer being used  iii Figure 12: The Microlab Portable Spirometer  iii Figure13: Bland-Altman Plot  iii Figure 14: Flow chart for the recruitment into the study  iii Figure 15: Grip strength in men and women  iii DECLARATION OF AUTHORSHIP iv Acknowledgements  v Definitions and Abbreviations vi

78 * IS GRIP STRENGTH ASSOCIATED WITH LUNG FUNCTION IN OLDER HOSPITALISED PATIENTS?