How Can Health Care Professionals Communicate Effectively with Adolescent and Young Adults Who Have Completed Cancer Treatment? A Systematic Review

Communication with teenage and young adult or adolescent and young adult (AYA) patients with cancer is critically important and not consistently taught in health care education. We have developed a local training for medical students to experience and join AYA cancer consultations to improve clinicians' abilities in the future. We have undertaken a systematic review of the literature, to provide a comprehensive overview of studies evaluating communication in this specific patient group, to guide clinical practice and future research. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and CINAHL databases for literature containing data relating to communication in AYAs previously treated for malignant disease. To ensure as comprehensive a review as possible, the researchers defined the AYA age range using the extremes used globally: 13-39 years. Two thousand eight hundred and thirty-seven articles were identified, which were reduced to 1517 after duplicates were removed. After handsearching references and citation tracking, 1556 abstracts were screened of which 40 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility. Only 12 met all inclusion criteria and were included in the final analysis. Young people want to be heard and have trust in their health care professionals (HCPs). They want to be involved in decisions about their care, and HCPs must establish who else the AYA wants to be involved in the decision-making process. AYAs want information to be given in an amount they can control and at a time preferred by them. Further education of communication skills, especially triadic communication, is essential for professionals involved in AYA care.