Open AccessSingle-Dose Pharmacokinetics and Safety Pharmacodynamics of Formoterol Delivered by Two Different Dry Powder Inhalers
Author(s) -
U. Petzold,
Hans-Joachim Kremer,
Duc Tung Nguyễn,
Ullrich Munzel,
Hartmut Dietrich,
Joachim Maus
Publication year - 2008
Publication title -
journal of aerosol medicine and pulmonary drug delivery
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.678
H-Index - 68
eISSN - 1941-2703
pISSN - 1941-2711
DOI - 10.1089/jamp.2008.0690
Subject(s) - formoterol , pharmacokinetics , medicine , dry powder inhaler , pharmacodynamics , inhalation , anesthesia , cmax , crossover study , pharmacology , asthma , inhaler , placebo , alternative medicine , pathology , budesonide
The present study aimed at assessing the pharmacokinetics (PK) and safety pharmacodynamics (PD) of 24 microg formoterol delivered via a Novolizer and via an Aerolizer in healthy subjects. This was a randomized, open-label, crossover study. Beside PK, serum potassium, and glucose profiles, vital signs, and ECG were recorded. Twenty-nine subjects (15 males) were enrolled. The inhalation maneuver had to be repeated by 19 subjects using the Aerolizer and 1 subject using a Novolizer. While eight (28%) subjects completely failed to inhale correctly via the Aerolizer (four were identified by the investigators immediately after inhalation, another four by bioanalytics later), all did it correctly via the Novolizer. The bioanalytical evaluation indicated two distinct serum peaks. The shapes of serum concentration-time profiles were more homogeneous after inhaling via the Novolizer than via the Aerolizer. After adjusting for the delivered dose the Cmax of formoterol predicting pulmonary absorption was higher after the Novolizer than after the Aerolizer, while the average AUC0-infinity levels indicating total systemic exposure were equivalent. There was no evidence for different pharmacodynamic behavior with respect to serum potassium and glucose profiles, vital signs, and ECG. The Novolizer yields higher pulmonary absorption of formoterol than the Aerolizer and equivalent safety profiles. Considering the lower variability of PK profiles and the higher proportion of correct inhalations, formoterol is more reliably inhaled via Novolizer.