English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

The transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) pathway plays many key roles in regulating numerous biological processes. In addition, the effects of TGFβ are mediated by the transcription factor Smad3. However, the regulation of Smad3 activity is not well understood. In the present study, quantitative real-time PCR revealed that the Smad3 gene was expressed ubiquitously in 11 bovine tissues and displayed different expression patterns between muscle and adipose tissue. We further explored the expression and regulation of Smad3 gene by cloning the bovine Smad3 gene promoter; a dual-luciferase reporter assay identified that the core promoter region -337 to -41 bp was located in a CpG island. In addition, mutational analyses and electrophoretic mobility shift assays provided evidence that the KLF6, KLF15, MZF1, and KLF7 binding sites within the Smad3 promoter were responsible for the regulation of Smad3 transcription. These findings were confirmed by executing further RNA interference assays in bovine myoblasts and preadipocytes, which indicated that KLF6, KLF15, MZF1, and KLF7 are important transcriptional activators of Smad3 in both adipose and muscle tissue. These results will provide an important basis for an improved understanding of the TGFβ pathway and new insights in cattle breeding.

Tissue Expression Analysis and Characterization of Smad3 Promoter in Bovine Myoblasts and Preadipocytes