English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Background:  Treatment of upper urinary tract stones measuring &gt;2 cm in children aged &lt;3 years is challenging. Although adult-sized instruments are usually available, in pediatric populations such instruments seem unreasonable and unfit for children with small kidneys and narrow ureters. We use ultra-miniaturized endoscopes and instruments to reduce the damage to normal tissues in pediatric patients.  Case Presentation:  We treated a 2-year-old boy with &gt;2-cm bilateral cystine kidney stones. We decided to perform retrograde intrarenal surgery using an ultrathin (4.5F) semi-rigid ureteroscope for the right kidney stone (2.0 × 1.2 cm) in the lithotomy position and super ultra-minimally invasive endoscopy combined with intrarenal surgery with a percutaneous 8.5F to 9.5F tract sheath for the left kidney stone (3.5 × 2.4 cm) under the Barts modified Valdivia position. These procedures were successful for the bilateral kidney stones. Postoperatively, the patient was stone-free without major complications.  Conclusion:  We believe that ultra-minimally invasive endoscopic intrarenal surgery is safe and efficient in pediatric patients. Furthermore, the Barts modified Valdivia position was safely utilized in our 2-year-old patient with multiple large kidney stones.

Successful Ultra-Minimally Invasive Endoscopic Intrarenal Surgery for 2-Year-Old Boy with Bilateral Cystine Kidney Stones Over 2 cm