Redox Signaling from and to Peroxisomes: Progress, Challenges, and Prospects

Peroxisomes are organelles that are best known for their role in cellular lipid and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) metabolism. Emerging evidence suggests that these organelles serve as guardians and modulators of cellular redox balance, and that alterations in their redox metabolism may contribute to aging and the development of chronic diseases such as neurodegeneration, diabetes, and cancer. Recent Advances: H 2 O 2 is an important signaling messenger that controls many cellular processes by modulating protein activity through cysteine oxidation. Somewhat surprisingly, the potential involvement of peroxisomes in H 2 O 2 -mediated signaling processes has been overlooked for a long time. However, recent advances in the development of live-cell approaches to monitor and modulate spatiotemporal fluxes in redox species at the subcellular level have opened up new avenues for research in redox biology and boosted interest in the concept of peroxisomes as redox signaling platforms.