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Objectives:  To demonstrate the feasibility and acceptability of a brief mindfulness-based intervention taught by physicians for patients with opioid addiction and to determine if the intervention reduces likelihood of relapse or treatment failure within 6 months.  Design:  A prospective, feasibility, single-group, cohort pilot study.  Setting:  A Family Medicine teaching clinic serving a mixed urban and rural population in Bangor, Maine.  Subjects:  Adult patients initiating outpatient treatment for opioid addiction with buprenorphine ( N  = 40).  Interventions:  Study physicians conducted a 10- to 12-min education session for all patients starting treatment during the enrollment period, including a 5-min mindfulness exercise. Enrolled subjects received an MP3 player loaded with six mindfulness audio exercises (5-19 min) and were instructed to practice at least 5 min daily and record their practice in a logbook.  Outcome measures:  Acceptability and subjective usefulness to recovery were evaluated at 2, 4, and 6 months of follow-up, with qualitative analysis of themes in recorded poststudy interviews. Logbook entries and tablet-based surveys provided data on home mindfulness practice, classified as "high" or "low." Relapse or treatment failure was documented.  Results:  Feasibility and acceptability were demonstrated with 82% enrollment and 100%, 97%, and 90% completion of follow-up visits at 2, 4, and 6 months, respectively, among those still in treatment. Sustained positive impressions of the intervention and exercises remained at 6 months. Relapse or treatment failure was reduced in the "high" practice uptake group compared with "low" practice uptake (11% vs. 42%, p  = 0.033).  Conclusions:  In contrast to more intensive 8-week models of meditation training, this study demonstrates that even a brief single training session can induce sustained home meditation practice that subjectively helped patients in recovery for opioid addiction and was associated with lower risk of relapse. Brief mindfulness-based interventions may be useful to increase access to mindfulness training in this population.

the journal of alternative and complementary medicine/journal of alternative and complementary medicine

An Ultra-Brief Mindfulness-Based Intervention for Patients in Treatment for Opioid Addiction with Buprenorphine: A Primary Care Feasibility Pilot Study