Open AccessThe Impact of Groundwater Variability on Mangrove Greenness in Karimunjawa National Park based on Remote Sensing Study
Author(s) -
Joko Prihantono,
Novi Susetyo Adi,
Takashi Nakamura,
Kazuo Nadaoka
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
iop conference series. earth and environmental science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
eISSN - 1755-1307
pISSN - 1755-1315
DOI - 10.1088/1755-1315/925/1/012064
Subject(s) - normalized difference vegetation index , water table , environmental science , mangrove , table (database) , hydrology (agriculture) , water content , groundwater , shore , vegetation (pathology) , satellite , precipitation , physical geography , geography , climate change , geology , meteorology , ecology , oceanography , medicine , geotechnical engineering , engineering , pathology , aerospace engineering , computer science , data mining , biology
This study aims to understand the impact of groundwater table on soil moisture and mangrove greenness in different seasons in Karimunjawa National Park (KNP). We used Sentinel-2 L2A satellite imagery, Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) satellite rainfall data, and water table observations at KNP. This study estimates Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) on time series Sentinel-2 imagery in 2019-2020 using Google Earth Engine. In addition, we compared the monthly average rainfall data, the monthly average water table data, and the monthly average NDVI, NDWI data extracted at the water table observation points. NDVI is a method to estimate mangrove greenness, and NDWI to estimate soil moisture. The obtained results indicate that NDVI and NDWI in the near shoreline area show a higher value than in the middle area of the KNP that is far from the shoreline. In addition, the value of the NDVI and NDWI correlation coefficients is 0.94, which indicates a positive and strong correlation. Moreover, The NDWI and water table correlation coefficients are 0.79, which indicates a relatively strong positive correlation. Furthermore, the correlation between rainfall and the water table is 0.61, which indicates a relatively strong positive correlation. Thus, these findings show that the water table influences soil moisture and then affects the mangrove greenness. Besides that, the water table change is governed by rainfall, and therefore, the mangrove greenness in KNP depends on seasons and is vulnerable to drought.