Open AccessTrends in Pediatric Pulmonary Hypertension–Related Hospitalizations in the United States from 2000–2009
Author(s) -
Frank David B.,
Crystal Matthew A.,
Morales David L. S.,
Gerald Ken,
Hanna Brian D.,
Mallory George B.,
Rossano Joseph W.
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
pulmonary circulation
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.791
H-Index - 40
ISSN - 2045-8940
DOI - 10.1086/681226
Subject(s) - medicine , confidence interval , odds ratio , healthcare cost and utilization project , extracorporeal membrane oxygenation , epidemiology , heart failure , logistic regression , sepsis , comorbidity , pediatrics , emergency medicine , health care , economics , economic growth
There are few data on the epidemiology of pulmonary hypertension (PH)–related hospitalizations in children in the United States. Our aim was to determine hospital mortality, length of hospitalization, and hospital charges pertaining to PH‐related hospitalizations and also the effects of codiagnoses and comorbidities. A retrospective review of the Kids’ Inpatient Database during the years 2000, 2003, 2006, and 2009 was analyzed for patients ≤20 years of age with a diagnosis of PH by ICD‐9 ( International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision ) codes, along with associated diagnoses and comorbidities. Descriptive statistics, including Rao‐Scott χ 2 , ANOVA, and logistic regression models, were utilized on weighted values with survey analysis procedures. The number of PH‐related hospital admissions is rising, from an estimated 7,331 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 5,556–9,106) in 2000 to 10,792 (95% CI: 8,568–13,016) in 2009. While infant age and congenital heart disease were most commonly associated with PH‐related hospitalizations, they were not associated with mortality. Overall mortality for PH‐related hospitalizations was greater than that for hospitalizations not associated with PH, 5.7% versus 0.4% (odds ratio: 16.22 [95% CI: 14.78%–17.8%], P < 0.001), but mortality is decreasing over time. Sepsis, respiratory failure, acute renal failure, hepatic insufficiency, arrhythmias, and the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation are associated with mortality. The number of PH‐related hospitalizations is increasing in the United States. The demographics of PH in this study are evolving. Despite the increasing prevalence, mortality is improving.