English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Visceral leishmaniasis is characterized by severe immunosuppression of the host cell, resulting in loss of the proinflammatory response. Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) is involved in myriad disease forms, including visceral leishmaniasis. During Leishmania donovani infection, the parasite modulates TLR2 to suppress interleukin 12 production, indicating the possible involvement of TLR2 in regulation of the immune response against L. donovani infection. Arabinosylated lipoarabinomannan (Ara-LAM) possesses immunomodulatory properties and induces proinflammatory responses via induction of TLR2-mediated signaling. Here, we found that pretreatment of L. donovani-infected macrophages with Ara-LAM caused a significant increase in TLR2 expression along with the activation of TLR2-mediated downstream signaling, facilitating active nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kappaB. These events culminated in up-regulation of the proinflammatory response, which was abrogated by treatment with TLR2-specific small interfering RNA. In vivo experiments were also suggestive of Ara-LAM playing a long-term protective role. This study demonstrates that Ara-LAM confers protection against leishmanial pathogenesis via TLR2 signaling-mediated induction of the proinflammatory response.

the journal of infectious diseases (online. university of chicago press)/the journal of infectious diseases

Arabinosylated Lipoarabinomannan–Mediated Protection in Visceral Leishmaniasis through Up‐Regulation of Toll‐Like Receptor 2 Signaling: An Immunoprophylactic Approach