Deficient Serum Mannose‐Binding Lectin Levels andMBL2Polymorphisms Increase the Risk of Single and RecurrentCryptosporidiumInfections in Young Children
Author(s) -
Marya P. Carmolli,
Priya Duggal,
Rashidul Haque,
Janet C. Lindow,
Dinesh Mondal,
William A. Petri,
Phoenix Mourningstar,
Catherine J. Larsson,
M. Sreenivasan,
Salwa Khan,
Beth D. Kirkpatrick
Publication year - 2009
Publication title -
the journal of infectious diseases
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.69
H-Index - 252
eISSN - 1537-6613
pISSN - 0022-1899
DOI - 10.1086/606013
Subject(s) - mannan binding lectin , cryptosporidium , biology , immunology , haplotype , innate immune system , microbiology and biotechnology , immune system , gene , lectin , genotype , genetics , feces
Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) is an evolutionarily conserved protein that functions in human innate immunity by binding to microbial surfaces and promoting opsonophagocytosis. MBL has been shown to bind to Cryptosporidium sporozoites, and earlier work has suggested that the protective role of MBL may be most important in childhood. We evaluated the association between polymorphisms in the MBL gene (MBL2), serum MBL deficiency, and infection with Cryptosporidium, Entamoeba histolytica, and Giardia intestinalis in children. A large, prospective cohort of Bangladeshi preschool children was followed up for >3 years. Clinical outcomes, serum MBL levels, and MBL2 polymorphisms and haplotypes were determined. Statistically significant associations with E. histolytica and G. intestinalis were not found. Serum MBL deficiency, polymorphisms in the -221 promoter region, and the YO/XA MBL2 haplotype were strongly associated with Cryptosporidium infections, particularly recurrent infection. Children with multiple infections with Cryptosporidium were more likely to be MBL deficient (odds ratio [OR], 10.45), carry the -221 promoter variant (OR, 4.02), and have the YO/XA haplotype (OR, 4.91). We have identified a potentially important component of the human innate immune response to Cryptosporidum infection. Further work is needed to evaluate the mechanism of protection of MBL in Cryptosporidium infection.
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