Making Universal Access a Reality—What More Do We Need to Know?

countries grew from 240,000 in 2001 to 1 .3 million in 2005 [ 1 ] . Although this represented a significant increase, it still fell significantly short of universal access. Moreover, whereas a substantial share of HIV-infected people in Brazil and Thailand, and later in Botswana, were receiving treatment, only a fraction of the affected people in most other developing countries were receiving treatment. Building on initial efforts to expand access to antiretroviral therapy (ART), the United Nations General Assembly adopted a resolution in 2005 that committed its members to universally implement a package to prevent HIV infection and provide care and treatment for people living with HI V by 20 1 0 [ 2 ]. The G8 the group of 8 industrialized nations then also committed to work with the World Health Organization (WHO) and