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To determine cytokine production patterns during hepatic amebiasis, gerbils were infected with Entamoeba histolytica in the liver. Then spleen and hepatic lymph node cell proliferation and interleukin (IL)-2 (a Th1 marker), IL-4 (a Th2 marker), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) production in response to concanavalin A and amebic antigen in vitro were quantified. Early abscess development (day 5 after inoculation) coincided with IL-2, IL-4, and low TNF-alpha production and strong lymphoproliferative responses, whereas suppression of IL production and lymphoproliferation occurred during acute disease (day 20). Proliferative responses and IL-2 production increased at days 30 and 60 after inoculation, but IL-4 levels remained low. Animals drug-treated at day 20 after inoculation demonstrated high IL-2 and low IL-4 production and resistance to reinfection. While acute hepatic amebiasis in gerbils is accompanied by transient immunosuppression, late infection and resistance to reinfection are associated with IL-2 production but low IL-4 and TNF-alpha production (Th-1-like response).

Interleukin (IL)‐2, IL‐4, and Tumor Necrosis Factor‐α Responses duringEntamoeba histolyticaLiver Abscess Development in Gerbils