HLA‐DR Class II Associations with Rubella Vaccine‐Induced Joint Manifestations

HLA class II (HLA-DR) frequencies were examined in relation to incidence of acute arthralgia or arthritis in 283 white women who had received RA27/3 rubella vaccine (n = 146) or placebo (n = 137) postpartum. Leukocyte DNA was molecularly typed for HLA-DRB1 gene expression. Univariate analysis revealed higher frequencies of DR2 (odds ratio [OR], 4.8; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2-18.8) and DR5 (OR, 7.5; 95% CI, 1.5-37.5) but lower frequencies of DR4 (OR, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.1-4.9) and DR6 (OR, 2.8; 95% CI, 1.4-5.8), in rubella vaccinees compared with placebo recipients with arthropathy. Logistic regression modelling of DR, treatment, age, time postpartum, and arthropathy revealed that the odds of developing arthropathy was 1.9 times greater (95% CI, 1.07-3.44) after rubella vaccine than placebo. Risk for arthropathy (regardless of rubella vaccination) was also influenced by DR interactions: odds were 8 times greater in individuals with both DR1 and DR4 (95% CI, 1.45-44.02) and 7.1 times greater with both DR4 and DR6 present (95% CI, 1.85-27.52), suggesting that coexpression of these specificities may predispose to postpartum arthropathy.