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We analyzed the development of nevirapine (NVP) resistance in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected Malawian infants who received regimens containing single-dose NVP (SD-NVP) for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV-1. All infants received SD-NVP, and some randomly received zidovudine (ZDV) as well. Mothers did or did not receive SD-NVP on the basis of when they arrived at the hospital for delivery. In infants 6-8 weeks of age, NVP resistance was less frequent when infants had received SD-NVP plus ZDV and mothers had not received SD-NVP than when infants had received SD-NVP alone and mothers had received SD-NVP (4/15 [27%] vs. 20/23 [87%]; P &lt; .001). The risk of MTCT of HIV-1 was comparable with these regimens. Infant-only prophylaxis also eliminates the development of NVP resistance in mothers.

the journal of infectious diseases (online. university of chicago press)/the journal of infectious diseases

Development of Nevirapine Resistance in Infants Is Reduced by Use of Infant‐Only Single‐Dose Nevirapine plus Zidovudine Postexposure Prophylaxis for the Prevention of Mother‐to‐Child Transmission of HIV‐1