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We examined associations between human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II genes and both rubella-specific immunoglobulin G antibodies and lymphoproliferative responses after measles-mumps-rubella-II (MMR-II) vaccination, in a population-based sample of 346 schoolchildren. The DPB1*0301, DPB1*0401, DPB1*1301, and DPB1*1501 alleles were significantly associated with rubella vaccine-induced antibodies. Alleles suggestive of being positively associated with rubella-specific lymphoproliferative stimulation indices were DPB1*0301, DQB1*0501, DRB1*0101, and DRB1*1104. Conversely, the DPB1*0401, DPB1*1001, DPB1*1101, DQB1*0202, and DRB1*0701 alleles were negatively associated with rubella-specific lymphoproliferation. This study of HLA class II-restricted humoral and cellular immune responses to rubella provides significant insight into mechanisms of vaccine response and new vaccine development.

Human Leukocyte Antigen Class II Alleles and Rubella‐Specific Humoral and Cell‐Mediated Immunity following Measles‐Mumps‐Rubella–II Vaccination