Open AccessImpairment of Antimicrobial Activity and Nitric Oxide Production in Alveolar Macrophages from Smokers of Marijuana and Cocaine
Author(s) -
Angela Hanchi Shay,
Ruth Choi,
Katherine Whittaker,
Ken Khosrowdad Salehi,
Christina M. Ramirez,
Donald P. Tashkin,
Michael D. Roth,
Gayle Cocita Baldwin
Publication year - 2003
Publication title -
the journal of infectious diseases
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.69
H-Index - 252
eISSN - 1537-6613
pISSN - 0022-1899
DOI - 10.1086/368370
Subject(s) - nitric oxide , priming (agriculture) , cytokine , antimicrobial , chemistry , nitric oxide synthase , staphylococcus aureus , antibacterial activity , alveolar macrophage , in vitro , effector , microbiology and biotechnology , pharmacology , immunology , bacteria , macrophage , medicine , biochemistry , biology , botany , germination , genetics , organic chemistry
Human alveolar macrophages (AMs) were recovered from the lungs of healthy nonsmokers (NS) or smokers of tobacco (TS), marijuana (MS), or crack cocaine (CS) and challenged in vitro with Staphylococcus aureus. AMs from NS and TS exhibited potent antibacterial activity that correlated with the production of nitric oxide (NO) and induction of NO synthase without the requirement for priming with exogenous cytokines. In contrast, AMs from MS and CS exhibited minimal antibacterial activity and failed to produce NO unless primed with additional cytokines. These results confirm that NO plays a significant role as an effector molecule used by normal human AMs, but this capacity is suppressed in AMs from MS and CS because of a lack of intrinsic cytokine priming.
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