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The role of hepatitis C virus (HCV)-specific CD4+ T cells in recurrent HCV infection after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLTx) is unclear. In parallel, 73 intrahepatic and 73 blood-derived T cell lines were established from 34 patients. At a single cell level, virus-specific interferon (IFN)-gamma production to various HCV proteins was determined by ELISPOT assay: 45 (62%) of 73 liver- or blood-derived T cell lines produced IFN-gamma in response to one of the HCV antigens. HCV specificity was detected mainly in the liver (47% vs. 23% in the blood; P&lt;.05, chi(2) test) and was detectable earlier (&lt; or =6 months) significantly more often than later (&gt;6 months) after OLTx (78% vs 49%; P&lt;.05, chi(2) test). Histology, histologic activity index, liver enzymes, and virus load did not correlate with the occurrence of HCV-specific CD4+ T cells. Despite strong immunosuppressive treatment, OLTx recipients can develop an early, multispecific, preferentially intrahepatic CD4+ T cell response that decreases over time, making it a potential candidate target for novel therapeutic approaches in the transplant setting.

the journal of infectious diseases (online. university of chicago press)/the journal of infectious diseases

Hepatitis C Virus–Specific CD4<sup>+</sup>T Cell Response after Liver Transplantation Occurs Early, Is Multispecific, Compartmentalizes to the Liver, and Does Not Correlate with Recurrent Disease

Hepatitis C Virus–Specific CD4+T Cell Response after Liver Transplantation Occurs Early, Is Multispecific, Compartmentalizes to the Liver, and Does Not Correlate with Recurrent Disease

Hepatitis C Virus–Specific CD4⁺T Cell Response after Liver Transplantation Occurs Early, Is Multispecific, Compartmentalizes to the Liver, and Does Not Correlate with Recurrent Disease