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To characterize the effects of intermittent interleukin (IL)-2 therapy on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), 11 patients underwent detailed virological evaluation during a year of IL-2 therapy. Six patients showed a &gt;0.5 log increase in plasma HIV during at least 1 IL-2 cycle, with 2 experiencing an increase in &gt;50% of cycles. Three of the remaining 5 patients had a &gt;0.5 log decrease during at least 1 IL-2 cycle, and the remaining patients exhibited &lt;0.5 log changes. No changes in lymphoid (tonsil) levels of HIV were seen during the year. Quasi-species analysis in a separate cohort demonstrated that the virus induced by IL-2 most commonly resembled pre-IL-2 plasma quasi species. Thus, intermittent IL-2 does not result in sustained increases in either plasma or tissue levels of HIV and does not result in sustained expression of a previously silent quasi species.

Effects of Intermittent Interleukin‐2 Therapy on Plasma and Tissue Human Immunodeficiency Virus Levels and Quasi‐Species Expression