Diamonds

UOTING the words of Pliny we can say: "JIlximum in rzelbus 111711l-ls) 107 sbum 6nil0Aec gelnmdas, pretili'Ig hiabet advais.' As far as our reliable records reach back into the dim and mystic ages, we find the diamond occupying a prominent position in the estimation of man. Above all other of its qualities, which at present determine its value, the superior hardness to all substances then known, seems to have impressed the Ancients. There appears to be but little doubt, that at very early ages the East Indians and the original inhabitants of the Chinese Empire knew the value of diamonds over all other gems. It is supposable, too, that the art of cutting was known to them, although it was not employed in the western countries until many centuries later. Some doubt may appear whether the ancient Hebrews really possessed the diamond. In translations the word " shamir" is rendered as diamond. We find that the breast-plate of the High Priest contained a " diamond " in the second row of precious stones. WVe furthermore find, however, that these twelve stones "were according to the names of the children of Israel," "like the engravings of a signet, every one with his name, according to the twelve tribes." It seems improbable that they should have been able to engrave the diamond. Other passages occur where the diamond is used as a symbol of greatest hardness. One allusion is made that shows its application in the art of engraving; Jeremiah says: " The sin of Judah is written with a pen of iron and with the point of a diamond; it is graven upon the table of their heart." Corundumi was known to the Hebrews, and