The X in seX-biased immunity and autoimmune rheumatic disease | Zendy

Nikhil Jiwrajka | Zendy; Montserrat C. Anguera | Zendy

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The X in seX-biased immunity and autoimmune rheumatic disease

Author(s) -

Nikhil Jiwrajka,

Montserrat C. Anguera

Publication year - 2022

Publication title -

the journal of experimental medicine

Language(s) - English

Resource type - Journals

SCImago Journal Rank - 8.483

H-Index - 448

eISSN - 1540-9538

pISSN - 0022-1007

DOI - 10.1084/jem.20211487

Subject(s) - immune system , sexual dimorphism , immunology , autoimmune disease , disease , immunity , rheumatic disease , x chromosome , biology , autoimmunity , gene , medicine , genetics , antibody , rheumatoid arthritis , endocrinology

Sexual dimorphism in the composition and function of the human immune system has important clinical implications, as males and females differ in their susceptibility to infectious diseases, cancers, and especially systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases. Both sex hormones and the X chromosome, which bears a number of immune-related genes, play critical roles in establishing the molecular basis for the observed sex differences in immune function and dysfunction. Here, we review our current understanding of sex differences in immune composition and function in health and disease, with a specific focus on the contribution of the X chromosome to the striking female bias of three autoimmune rheumatic diseases.

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