Physical environment in non-ventilated culture vessels affects in vitro growth and morphogenesis of several cultivars of Dianthus Caryophyllus L.

Differences were shown in the environmental conditions inside four types of non-ventilated culture vessels (glass baby-food jars capped with metal steel or Magenta B-caps, jam glass jars capped with metal steel caps, and Magenta GA7 culture vessels) that were incubated in the same external growth room conditions. Vessel light transmittance varied from 83% to 53% and determined the availability of photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) for explants. The mean of medium desiccation in the culture period (30 d) was from 2.8 g in vessels with the lowest rate of gas exchange (0.02 h) to 10.4 g in vessels with the highest (1.1 h). In all cases, the temperature inside the culture vessel increased during the light period and decreased during the dark period, and relative humidity was close to 100%. Results of growth and morphogenesis of L. evs. Scania, White Sim, Angeline, and Pink Calypso provided evidence that the environmental differences detected inside these four types of non-ventilated culture vessels was sufficient to affect micropropagation, mainly related with the specific sensitivity of each cultivar to the gas exchange and medium desiccation determined by the vessel type.