Open AccessHuman immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection despite prior immunization with a recombinant envelope vaccine regimen.
Author(s) -
M. Juliana McElrath,
Lawrence Corey,
Philip D. Greenberg,
Thomas J. Matthews,
David C. Montefiori,
Lee Rowen,
Leroy Hood,
James I. Mullins
Publication year - 1996
Publication title -
proceedings of the national academy of sciences of the united states of america
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 5.011
H-Index - 771
eISSN - 1091-6490
pISSN - 0027-8424
DOI - 10.1073/pnas.93.9.3972
Subject(s) - immunology , immunity , vaccination , virology , context (archaeology) , immunization , asymptomatic , medicine , immune system , virus , cellular immunity , regimen , antibody , biology , paleontology
With efforts underway to develop a preventive human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) vaccine, it remains unclear which immune responses are sufficient to protect against infection and whether prior HIV-1 immunity can alter the subsequent course of HIV-1 infection. We investigated these issues in the context of a volunteer who received six HIV-1LAI envelope immunizations and 10 weeks thereafter acquired HIV-1 infection through a high-risk sexual exposure. In contrast to nonvaccinated acutely infected individuals, anamnestic HIV-1-specific B- and T-cell responses appeared within 3 weeks in this individual, and neutralizing antibody preceded CD8+ cytotoxic responses. Despite an asymptomatic course and an initial low level of detectable infectious virus, a progressive CD4+ cell decline and dysfunction occurred within 2 years. Although vaccination elicited immunity to HIV-1 envelope, which was recalled upon HIV-1 exposure, it was insufficient to prevent infection and subsequent immunodeficiency.