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The human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum exhibits a high degree of chromosomal polymorphism, which may contribute to its ability to evade host defenses. The analysis of parasite chromosomes has revealed that these polymorphisms are confined to the subtelomeric regions, which are transcriptionally silent and contain repetitive sequence elements. Several subtelomeric repetitive elements have been isolated and mapped by using P. falciparum yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) clones. Structural analysis of parasite telomeric and subtelomeric YAC clones demonstrated that these repetitive elements are conserved between P. falciparum chromosome ends. We suggest that these subtelomeric elements promote chromosome pairing in P. falciparum and facilitate meiotic recombination and gene conversion between telomere-proximal genes.

The polymorphic subtelomeric regions of Plasmodium falciparum chromosomes contain arrays of repetitive sequence elements.