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Significance Rice breeding programs aim to develop cultivars with improved traits, including high grain yield and superior quality. In rice,OsPDCD5 encodes a programmed cell death 5 protein. Targeted mutagenesis ofOsPDCD5 enhanced grain yield and plant architecture. Statistical analysis indicated that plot grain yield ofOsPDCD5 knockout lines was enhanced by 6.25 to 20.13% in 11 popular or newly bred rice cultivars compared with the corresponding wild types. TheOsPDCD5 knockout lines showed increases in milled rice percentage and gel consistency, and a decrease in amylose content. Our results provide insight into the molecular mechanism by whichOsPDCD5 influences grain yield and plant architecture, and highlight a promising candidate gene for use in breeding programs designed to develop super rice cultivars.

OsPDCD5 negatively regulates plant architecture and grain yield in rice