Reply to Ravignani and Kotz: Physical impulses from upper-limb movements impact the respiratory–vocal system

The commentary by Ravignani and Kotz (1) affords us an opportunity to clarify the interpretation of our recent findings (2). We showed that “although listeners could only hear and not see the vocalizer, they were able to completely synchronize their own rhythmic wrist or arm movement with the movement of the vocalizer which they perceived in the voice acoustics” (ref. 2, p. 11364). We interpreted these results as “corroborat[ing] recent evidence suggesting that the human voice is constrained by bodily tensioning affecting the respiratory–vocal system” (ref. 2, p. 11364). Thus, we were surprised to read that Ravignani and Kotz believed that we “attribute[d] this rhythmicity [of the speaker’s voice] to voice modulation” (1). This is a … [↵][1]1To whom correspondence may be addressed. Email: w.pouw{at}psych.ru.nl. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1