Open AccessDifferential NF-κB pathways induction by Lactobacillus plantarum in the duodenum of healthy humans correlating with immune tolerance
Author(s) -
Peter van Baarlen,
Freddy J. Troost,
Saskia van Hemert,
Cindy van der Meer,
Willem M. de Vos,
Philip J. de Groot,
Guido Hooiveld,
Robert Jan Brummer,
Michiel Kleerebezem
Publication year - 2009
Publication title -
proceedings of the national academy of sciences of the united states of america
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 5.011
H-Index - 771
eISSN - 1091-6490
pISSN - 0027-8424
DOI - 10.1073/pnas.0809919106
Subject(s) - lactobacillus plantarum , immune system , biology , microbiology and biotechnology , bacteria , lactobacillus , in vivo , gene expression , intestinal mucosa , immunology , gene , lactic acid , genetics , medicine
How do we acquire immune tolerance against food microorganisms and commensal bacteria that constitute the intestinal microbiota? We investigated this by stimulating the immune system of adults with commensalLactobacillus plantarum bacteria. We studied the in vivo human responses toL. plantarum in a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled cross-over study. Healthy adults ingested preparations of living and heat-killedL. plantarum bacteria. Biopsies were taken from the intestinal duodenal mucosa and altered expression profiles were analyzed using whole-genome microarrays and by biological pathway reconstructions. Expression profiles of human mucosa displayed striking differences in modulation of NF-κB-dependent pathways, notably after consumption of livingL. plantarum bacteria in different growth phases. Our in vivo study identified mucosal gene expression patterns and cellular pathways that correlated with the establishment of immune tolerance in healthy adults.