A mutation in a chromosome condensin II subunit, kleisin β, specifically disrupts T cell development

Condensins are ubiquitously expressed multiprotein complexes that are important for chromosome condensation and epigenetic regulation of gene transcription, but whose specific roles in vertebrates are poorly understood. We describe a mouse strain, nessy, isolated during an ethylnitrosourea screen for recessive immunological mutations. The nessy mouse has a defect in T lymphocyte development that decreases circulating T cell numbers, increases their expression of the activation/memory marker CD44, and dramatically decreases the numbers of CD4+ CD8+ thymocytes and their immediate DN4 precursors. A missense mutation in an unusual alternatively spliced first exon of the kleisin β gene, a member of the condensin II complex, was shown to be responsible and act in a T cell-autonomous manner. Despite the ubiquitous expression and role of condensins, kleisin βnes/nes mice were viable, fertile, and showed no defects even in the parallel pathway of B cell lymphocyte differentiation. These data define a unique lineage-specific requirement for kleisin β in mammalian T cell differentiation.