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Charge is observed in clouds of all forms, which may influence their development and properties. In-cloud charge measurements require a wide dynamic range, extending from charge in aerosols and dusts to that present in thunderstorms. Unexpectedly large charge densities (>200 pC m) have recently been detected in layer clouds using balloon-carried linear electrometers. These, however, lead to instrument saturation if sufficient sensitivity for aerosol and droplet charge is maintained. Logarithmic electrometers provide an alternative but suffer strong non-linear thermal effects. This is a limitation for balloon-carried instruments that encounter temperature changes up to ∼100 °C, as full thermal compensation requires complexity inappropriate for disposable devices. Here, a novel hybrid system is described, combining linear and logarithmic electrometers to provide extended dynamic range (±50 pA), employing the negligible (±4%) total temperature drift of the linear device to provide in situ calibration of the logarithmic device. This combination opens up new measurement opportunities for charge in clouds, dusts, and aerosols.

Note: A self-calibrating wide range electrometer for in-cloud measurements