On vaporization in laser material interaction

In this article, vaporization processes in the laser interaction with materials are studied theoretically and computationally, focusing on evaporation and homogeneous bubble nucleation. Simulations are carried out using the Redlich-Kwong equation of state and temperature-dependent material property models that can be used up to the critical point. From theoretical considerations, four important temperatures are identified in the understanding of laser material interaction. This study also shows that there are upper limits to the amount of energy that can be consumed by vaporization, which takes place at a temperature that is lower than the material's critical point. This study also discusses the transition from the thermal mode of ablation to the nonthermal mode in terms of the energy capacity of homogeneous boiling.open6