Open AccessFerromagnetism and ferroelectricity in highly resistive Pb0.7Sr0.3(Fe0.012Ti0.988)O3 nanoparticles and its conduction by variable-range-hopping mechanism
Author(s) -
Kuldeep Chand Verma,
M. Singh,
R.K. Kotnala,
N. S. Negi
Publication year - 2008
Publication title -
applied physics letters
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.182
H-Index - 442
eISSN - 1077-3118
pISSN - 0003-6951
DOI - 10.1063/1.2973400
Subject(s) - variable range hopping , ferroelectricity , materials science , condensed matter physics , tetragonal crystal system , ferromagnetism , superparamagnetism , multiferroics , nanoparticle , dielectric , magnetization , hysteresis , thermal conduction , magnetic hysteresis , phase (matter) , nanotechnology , chemistry , optoelectronics , magnetic field , physics , composite material , organic chemistry , quantum mechanics
The enhancement in ferromagnetism and ferroelectricity at room temperature for Pb0.7Sr0.3(Fe0.012Ti0.988)O3 (PSFT) nanoparticles is proved by magnetization and polarization hysteresis loop. The x-ray diffraction and micrograph show that the PSFT nanoparticles have distorted tetragonal single phase, and their average particle’s size is 8 nm. The effect of Sr content reduces the particle size, and hence the multiferroic system becomes more resistive, which dominates the superparamagnetic/paraelectric relaxation. The variable-range-hopping conduction mechanism explained the high resistivity of PSFT nanoparticles, which suggests that the room temperature movement of electrons involves short-range order through defect states.
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