Hysteresis in acoustic properties of ferroelectric relaxor Pb[(Zn1∕3Nb2∕3)0.955Ti0.045]O3 single crystals studied by Brillouin and dielectric spectroscopies

Acoustic and dielectric properties of Pb[(Zn1/3Nb2/3)1–xTix]O3 (PZN-xPT) single crystals with x=0.045 have been studied by the high-resolution micro-Brillouin scattering and dielectric spectroscopy in a wide temperature range. The softening of the Brillouin shift and the increase of dielectric relaxation time upon cooling indicated the formation of polar nanoregions (PNRs) and the slowing down of their dynamics. In contrast to the acoustic properties of typical model relaxors such as lead magnesioniobate, the change in the Brillouin shift near its minimum became sharper on heating compared to the change on cooling, pointing to the clear existence of hysteresis in the dynamics of the diffuse phase transition in PZN-4.5%PT. Since the number of PNRs will increase upon cooling, it may be expected that the kinetics of the phase transition would become slower, the lower the transition temperature resulting in the more sluggish, broad feature of the Brillouin shift observed during cooling. This result may indicate that the number and size of polar nanoregions, which are dependent on temperature, play an important role in the development of the mesoscopic ferroelectric order in PZN-4.5%PT